The holiday's roots are in the ancient Roman festival of Lupercalia, a fertility celebration commemorated annually on February 15. Pope Gelasius I recast this pagan festival as a Christian feast day circa 496,
declaring February 14 to be St. Valentine's Day.
Most scholars believe that the St. Valentine of the holiday was priest who attracted the disfavor of Roman emperor Claudius II around 270. According to the legend, Claudius II had prohibited marriage for young men. Claiming then bachelors made better soldiers. Valentine continued to secretly perform marriage ceremonies bat eventually apprehended by the Romans and put to death. Another legend says that Valentine, imprisoned by Claudius, fell in love with the daughter of his jailer. Before he was executed, he sent her a letter signed “from your Valentine". Probably the most plausible story surrounding St. Valentine is one not focused on passionate love but on Christian love: he was martyred for refusing to renounce his religion.